209 lines
6.9 KiB
Python
209 lines
6.9 KiB
Python
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"""
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Gmail API 邮件读取工具
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使用前准备：
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1. 访问 https://console.cloud.google.com/ 创建项目
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2. 启用 Gmail API
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3. 创建 OAuth 2.0 凭据（桌面应用类型），下载 credentials.json 放到本目录
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4. 首次运行会弹出浏览器授权，授权后自动生成 token.json
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"""
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import os
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import base64
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import json
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from datetime import datetime
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from google.auth.transport.requests import Request
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from google.oauth2.credentials import Credentials
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from google_auth_oauthlib.flow import InstalledAppFlow
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from googleapiclient.discovery import build
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from email.utils import parsedate_to_datetime
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# 只读权限
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SCOPES = ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/gmail.readonly']
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# 凭据文件路径（和脚本同目录）
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BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
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CREDENTIALS_FILE = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'credentials.json')
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TOKEN_FILE = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'token.json')
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def get_service():
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"""获取 Gmail API 服务实例"""
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creds = None
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# 尝试加载已有 token
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if os.path.exists(TOKEN_FILE):
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creds = Credentials.from_authorized_user_file(TOKEN_FILE, SCOPES)
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# token 无效或过期，重新授权
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if not creds or not creds.valid:
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if creds and creds.expired and creds.refresh_token:
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creds.refresh(Request())
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else:
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if not os.path.exists(CREDENTIALS_FILE):
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print(f"❌ 找不到 {CREDENTIALS_FILE}")
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print("请从 Google Cloud Console 下载 OAuth 凭据文件，命名为 credentials.json 放到本目录")
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return None
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flow = InstalledAppFlow.from_client_secrets_file(CREDENTIALS_FILE, SCOPES)
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creds = flow.run_local_server(port=0)
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# 保存 token 供下次使用
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with open(TOKEN_FILE, 'w') as f:
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f.write(creds.to_json())
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return build('gmail', 'v1', credentials=creds)
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def decode_body(payload):
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"""递归解析邮件正文（优先纯文本）"""
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# 直接有 body data
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if 'body' in payload and payload['body'].get('data'):
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return base64.urlsafe_b64decode(payload['body']['data']).decode('utf-8', errors='ignore')
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# 多部分邮件，递归查找
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if 'parts' in payload:
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# 优先找 text/plain
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for part in payload['parts']:
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if part.get('mimeType') == 'text/plain':
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data = part['body'].get('data', '')
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if data:
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return base64.urlsafe_b64decode(data).decode('utf-8', errors='ignore')
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# 没有纯文本，找 text/html
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for part in payload['parts']:
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if part.get('mimeType') == 'text/html':
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data = part['body'].get('data', '')
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if data:
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return base64.urlsafe_b64decode(data).decode('utf-8', errors='ignore')
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# 递归子部分
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for part in payload['parts']:
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result = decode_body(part)
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if result:
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return result
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return None
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def get_header(headers, name):
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"""从 headers 列表中取指定字段"""
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for h in headers:
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if h['name'].lower() == name.lower():
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return h['value']
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return ''
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def list_emails(service, query='', label_ids=None, max_results=10):
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"""
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列出邮件
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:param query: Gmail 搜索语法，如 'from:xxx@gmail.com' 'subject:报告' 'is:unread'
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:param label_ids: 标签过滤，如 ['INBOX'], ['UNREAD']
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:param max_results: 最多返回条数
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"""
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params = {'userId': 'me', 'maxResults': max_results}
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if query:
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params['q'] = query
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if label_ids:
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params['labelIds'] = label_ids
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results = service.users().messages().list(**params).execute()
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return results.get('messages', [])
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def read_email(service, msg_id):
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"""读取单封邮件详情"""
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msg = service.users().messages().get(userId='me', id=msg_id, format='full').execute()
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headers = msg['payload']['headers']
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subject = get_header(headers, 'Subject') or '(无主题)'
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sender = get_header(headers, 'From')
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to = get_header(headers, 'To')
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date_str = get_header(headers, 'Date')
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body = decode_body(msg['payload']) or '(无正文)'
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# 解析日期
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try:
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date = parsedate_to_datetime(date_str)
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date_str = date.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
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except Exception:
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pass
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return {
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'id': msg_id,
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'subject': subject,
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'from': sender,
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'to': to,
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'date': date_str,
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'body': body,
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'labels': msg.get('labelIds', []),
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'snippet': msg.get('snippet', ''),
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}
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def get_attachments(service, msg_id, save_dir=None):
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"""下载邮件附件"""
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msg = service.users().messages().get(userId='me', id=msg_id, format='full').execute()
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attachments = []
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if save_dir is None:
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save_dir = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'attachments')
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def _find_attachments(payload):
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if 'parts' in payload:
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for part in payload['parts']:
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filename = part.get('filename', '')
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if filename and part['body'].get('attachmentId'):
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att = service.users().messages().attachments().get(
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userId='me', messageId=msg_id, id=part['body']['attachmentId']
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).execute()
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data = base64.urlsafe_b64decode(att['data'])
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os.makedirs(save_dir, exist_ok=True)
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filepath = os.path.join(save_dir, filename)
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with open(filepath, 'wb') as f:
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f.write(data)
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attachments.append({'filename': filename, 'path': filepath, 'size': len(data)})
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print(f" 📎 已保存附件: {filename} ({len(data)} bytes)")
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# 递归
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_find_attachments(part)
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_find_attachments(msg['payload'])
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return attachments
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# ============ 使用示例 ============
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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service = get_service()
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if not service:
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exit(1)
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print("=" * 60)
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print("📬 Gmail 邮件读取")
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print("=" * 60)
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# --- 示例1: 读取收件箱最近 5 封邮件 ---
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print("\n📥 收件箱最近 5 封邮件:\n")
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messages = list_emails(service, label_ids=['INBOX'], max_results=5)
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for m in messages:
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email_data = read_email(service, m['id'])
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print(f"📧 主题: {email_data['subject']}")
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print(f" 发件人: {email_data['from']}")
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print(f" 日期: {email_data['date']}")
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print(f" 摘要: {email_data['snippet'][:80]}...")
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print()
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# --- 示例2: 搜索特定邮件（取消注释使用）---
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# messages = list_emails(service, query='subject:报告 is:unread', max_results=5)
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# --- 示例3: 读取完整正文 ---
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# if messages:
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# email_data = read_email(service, messages[0]['id'])
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# print(f"\n完整正文:\n{email_data['body']}")
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# --- 示例4: 下载附件 ---
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# if messages:
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# get_attachments(service, messages[0]['id'])
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